NOTE / NOTE New observations on urine contents in water- deprived Negev Desert rodents
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چکیده
In past studies, several rodent species of the murid subfamilies Gerbillinae and Cricetomyinae from the Namib Desert, when deprived of water, excreted allantoin precipitate in their urine. Shifting nitrogen excretion from urea to allantoin allows them to save much water. This phenomenon has not been reported in other rodents, and whether it is a trait that is common among desert rodents, but undocumented, or is unique to these Namib Desert species, is not known. We found no allantoin precipitate in the urine of any of five additional species of water-deprived murid rodents of two subfamilies from the Negev Desert. There was no discernible precipitate in the urine of Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi (Gerbillinae), Gerbillus pyramidum (Gerbillinae), or Acomys cahirinus (Murinae). Sodium oxalate was found in both the precipitate and the liquid urine of Psammomys obesus (Gerbillinae), and the as yet unidentified precipitate in the urine of Gerbillus dasyurus (Gerbillinae) was not allantoin. This preliminary study suggests that not all gerbilline rodents have the capacity to switch from urea to allantoin excretion. The Namib Desert gerbilline and cricetomyine rodents may be examples of closely related mammalian taxa that have evolved a new metabolic pathway to produce a nitrogenous product that results in sizable water savings, i.e., by switching from urea to allantoin. Résumé : Des études antérieures ont démontré qu’en l’absence d’eau, plusieurs espèces de rongeurs Muridae des sousfamilles Gerbillinae et Cricetomyinae du désert de Namibie excrètent des précipités d’allantoïne dans leur urine. Le passage de l’excrétion de l’azote sous forme d’urée à l’excrétion sous forme d’allantoïne leur permet d’épargner beaucoup d’eau. Le phénomène n’a pas été signalé chez d’autres rongeurs et on ne sait pas si c’est un caractère commun, mais pas encore signalé, aux rongeurs des déserts ou alors une caractéristique particulière des espèces du désert de Namibie. Nous n’avons pas retracé la présence de précipités d’allantoïne dans l’urine de cinq espèces additionnelles de rongeurs muridés des deux sous-familles provenant du désert du Néguev et privées d’eau. Il n’y avait pas de précipité décelable dans l’urine de Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi (Gerbillinae), ni de Gerbillus pyramidum (Gerbillinae), ni d’Acomys cahirinus (Murinae). Nous avons trouvé de l’oxalate de sodium dans le précipité ainsi que dans l’urine liquide de Psammomys obesus (Gerbillinae), de même qu’un précipité encore non identifié, mais qui n’est pas de l’allantoïne, dans l’urine de Gerbillus dasyurus (Gerbillinae). Notre étude préliminaire indique que ce ne sont pas tous les rongeurs gerbillinés qui sont capables d’excréter de l’allantoïne au lieu de l’urée. Les rongeurs gerbillinés et cricétomyinés du désert de Namibie sont peut-être des exemples de taxons de mammifères très apparentés qui ont développé de nouvelles voies métaboliques pour élaborer un produit azoté qui entraîne une conservation substantielle d’eau, i.e. en remplaçant l’urée par l’allantoïne. [Traduit par la Rédaction] 945 Korine et al. Introduction Nucleic acids are made of two nitrogen-containing nucleic bases, pyrimidines and purines. Pyrimidine metabolism usually produces ammonia, while purines are metabolized to a variety of nitrogenous compounds, including urea, uric acid, and allantoin (Voet et al. 1999). The pathways of purine nucleotide catabolism in non-human animals have not been as carefully studied as the metabolism of proteins (Schmidt-Nielsen 1997). These pathways differ Can. J. Zool. 81: 941–945 (2003) doi: 10.1139/Z03-067 © 2003 NRC Canada 941 Received 23 January 2003. Accepted 10 April 2003. Published on the NRC Research Press Web site at http://cjz.nrc.ca on 12 June 2003. C. Korine1 and I.G. van Tets.2 Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel. I. Vatnick. Department of Biology, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, U.S.A. B. Pinshow. Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University (BGU) of the Negev (BGU), 84990 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel, and Department of Life Sciences, BGU, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. 1Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]). 2Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99508-8104, U.S.A. J:\cjz\cjz8105\Z03-067.vp Monday, June 09, 2003 2:35:44 PM Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen
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تاریخ انتشار 2003